对于非英语母语的中国科研工作者而言，完成研究项目以后的另一大难题就是：论文写作。
不准确的措辞、冗长单调的句子使得文章黯然失色，精彩的研究亮点也被埋没于平淡无奇的文字当中。除了请专业人士润色外，还可以将词句表达替换成更地道、严谨的写法。
今天，笔者就把不同写作场景的常用句型分享给大家。
写在前面：
首先，要明确科研论文写作的语言要凝练且直白，论述过程要短而快，直奔主题。科技文写作应言简意赅，用简短的语句表明丰富的内容与深刻的内涵，不要长篇大论地凑字数，而是短小精悍。
有些朋友喜欢追求写出英语阅读一般的「长难句」，这是一个误区，要知道精彩的句子并不意味着长而拗口，对于科技文而言「微言大义」才是关键。
那么，下面这两种写作风格，哪个更适合科技文写作就一目了然了吧？
a. Yesterday, my mother bought an apple, which is red, for me.
b. My mother bought me a red apple yesterday.
本文索引：
1. 引入研究对象——切中要害，渐入佳境
2. 描述其他研究不足——舌战群儒，唯吾独尊
3. 阐述研究目的——有的放矢，长风破浪
4. 涵盖范围与组织架构——张本继末，达地知根
5. 文献综述——博采众长，兼听则明
6. 描述样本信息——追本溯源，真凭实据
7. 数据分析——鞭辟入里，分毫析厘
8. 讨论——虑周藻密，枝叶扶疏
9. 引用他人意见——它山之石，前车之鉴
10. 关于语态
* 以 A 和 B 泛指人名，999 泛指数字，2020 泛指年份，均可根据实际需要进行替代。
例：
(1) Statistical significance was ( )
a) accepted at the 999 level.
b) set at P = 999.
主句的括号中可根据需要选填 a 句或 b 句，即 Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level. 或 Statistical significance was set at P = 0.05.
1. 引入研究对象——切中要害，渐入佳境
(1) Recent studies have explored the ( )
a) impact of ____ on ____.
b) differences/similarities between ____ and ____.
(2) Over the years, an enormous amount of research has been ( )
a) carried out in an attempt to ____.
b) conducted to determine ____.
(3) Considerable research attention has been ( )
a) paid to ____.
b) directed toward ____.
(4) A number of recent studies have ( )
a) examined/investigated ____.
b) focused/reported on ____.
c) linked ____ to ____.
d) addressed the issue of ____.
2. 描述其他研究不足——舌战群儒，唯吾独尊
There is limited research investigating ____.
There is scant evidence that ____.
To the best of our knowledge, no study has focused on ____.
Few studies have investigated the impact of ____.
Relatively little is understood about ____.
Few attempts have been made to investigate the role of ____.
Previous studies have disregarded ____.
Research on ____ has relied primarily on ____.
Previous research has largely overlooked the ( )
a) importance/significance/issue/role of ____.
b) challenges associated with ____.
c) possibility that ____.
3. 阐述研究目的——有的放矢，长风破浪
(1) The aim of this study/paper/article/essay/report is/was to ( )
a) address the issue of ____.
b) evaluate the effectiveness of ____.
c) identify the characteristics of ____.
d) extend this area of investigation by ____.
e) clarify the role of ____.
f) examine the variables associated with ____.
(2) This study/paper/article/essay/report was ( )
a) commissioned by ____.
b) carried out to examine ____.
c) undertaken to determine ____.
(3) In the present study, we ( )
a) describe a framework for ____.
b) propose a series of solutions for ____.
c) provide a theoretical basis for ____.
d) highlight the key differences between ____ and ____.
(4) This study/paper/article/essay/report sought to ( )
a) assess/describe/test ____.
b) shed light on ____.
c) provide detailed information on ____.
4. 涵盖范围与组织架构——张本继末，达地知根
An in-depth analysis of ____ is not within the scope of this article.
____ lies outside the scope of the present study/paper/article/essay/report.
(1) This study/paper/article/essay/report provides an overview of ( )
a) recent developments in ____.
b) issues relating to ____.
c) the current debates about ____.
d) the effect of ____ on ____.
e) the critical factors influencing ____.
f) the basic concepts of ____.
g) current research on ____.
(2) This study/paper/article/essay/report ( )
a) is divided/organized into 999 sections/broad parts/distinct sections.
b) comprises/consists of 999 parts.
c) is comprised of 999 sections.
(3) This study/paper/article/essay/report is organized into 999 main ( )
a) parts, the first of which deals with ____.
b) parts, both of which focus on ___.
5. 文献综述——博采众长，兼听则明
The literature on ____ has its roots in ____.
Despite differences in ____, there are areas of agreement.
Most researchers working in the area of ____ agree on____.
Much previous work on ____ has focused on ____.
A recent line of research has focused on ____.
A widely accepted hypothesis is that ____.
While there is wide agreement that ____, views differ on ____.
Numerous scholars have ( )
a) conducted research on ____.
b) noted that ____.
c) pointed out that ____.
d) attempted to identify ____.
e) sought to understand phenomena such as ____.
f) contended that ____.
6. 描述样本信息——追本溯源，真凭实据
(1) Participants in this study were ( )
a) randomly selected based on ____.
b) selected from ____.
(2) For the purpose of this study, ( )
a) ____ was measured with ____.
b) ____ was classified/defined as ____.
(3) The survey included ( )
a) a variety of questions on ____.
b) a set of questions designed to ____.
c) 999 questions, split evenly between ____ and ____.
7. 数据分析——鞭辟入里，分毫析厘
(1) Statistical significance was ( )
a) accepted at the 999 level.
b)set at P = 999.
c) determined by ____.
d) assessed by ____.
e) not achieved due to ____.
(2) Means and standard deviations ( )
a) were 999 and 999.
b) were determined through ____.
c) were obtained from ____.
d) were calculated for each ____.
e) are presented in Table 999.
8. 讨论——虑周藻密，枝叶扶疏
(1) Our findings ( )
a) can be divided into 999 categories: ____.
b) can be compared to results of earlier studies that ____.
c) provide strong evidence that ____.
d) reveal that ____.
(2) The results yielded ( )
a) some interesting findings.
b) no signs of ____.
c) no significant correlation between ____ and ____.
d) no statistically significant relationships between ____ and ____.
(3) Future research will have to ( )
a) clarify/confirm/determine (whether) ____.
b) shed light on ____.
c) address ____ in more detail.
d) meet the challenge of ____.
9. 引用他人意见——它山之石，前车之鉴
A was one of the first to define ____ as ____.
In his 2020 study, A argued that ____.
A and B have put forward the hypothesis that ____.
A’s impact on ____ has been widely examined.
Both A and B ____. However, while the former ____, the latter____.
While A’s findings indicate that ____, it has not yet been demonstrated that ____.
A number of studies ____. Specifically, A and B examined ____.
As an example of ____, consider the study of A, which ____.
10. 关于语态
英文写作中会涉及到主动语态（active voice）和被动语态（passive voice），究竟应如何选择语态？
笔者此处将润色编辑、写作指导老师与其他相关材料的建议加以概括：
（1）在论文写作中，两种语态都是正确的；
（2）人文社科往往关注动作发出者，而自然科学通过被动语态将注意力转至动作本身，同时减少使用第一人称；
（3）在动作发出者不够明确时不适合使用被动语态；
（4）过多使用被动语态使句子冗长、文章乏味、缺少活力；
（5）语态选择也受作者本人写作风格、投稿期刊喜好和作者机构写作规范等影响。
本文提供的句式主要起到抛砖引玉的作用，帮助大家写作时进行同义替换，使表达更加丰富、地道，多写多练形成自己的写作风格才是硬道理。
来源：科研论文时间， 作者：HL
